Argonautica

Apollonius of Rhodes (fl. 300–225 BC) was an ancient Greek author best known for his epic poem, the Argonautica. This work, comprising four books and approximately 6000 lines, recounts the journey of Jason and the Argonauts in their quest for the Golden Fleece. Apollonius, influenced by Homer but with his own unique vision, presented a more human protagonist in Jason, and incorporated local customs, aetiology, and other Hellenistic themes into his narrative.

Apollonius held a significant position as a scholar and librarian at the Library of Alexandria, serving under the Ptolemies in Egypt. His expertise in Homer’s poetry led him to write the first scholarly monograph on Homer, critiquing the editions of Zenodotus. He also engaged in geographical studies, combining scientific knowledge with mythical geography, a feature evident in his Argonautica.

In addition to the Argonautica, Apollonius composed several “foundation-poems” that explored the mythical origins of cities, including Alexandria and Cnidus. These poems, mostly surviving only in fragments, reflected his diverse interests and contributions to Hellenistic literature and scholarship.

While there is limited biographical information about Apollonius, it is known that he had an association with Rhodes, which is reflected in his epithet “Rhodios.” The circumstances of his birth, parentage, and even the exact location of his origin remain uncertain and are debated among scholars.

The relationship between Apollonius and Callimachus, another prominent Alexandrian poet and scholar, has also provided a topic of scholarly discussion, with some suggesting a feud between them. However, the evidence remains inconclusive, and their works exhibit both similarities and differences.

In summary, Apollonius of Rhodes was a significant figure in Hellenistic literature and scholarship, known for his unique approach to epic poetry.

More by this author